Pre-Diabetes
Pre-diabetes is a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but have not yet reached those of diabetes. This is also known as the borderline diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and / or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). They are associated with insulin resistance are risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Prediabetes is a misnomer, because it is really an early stage of diabetes. It is recognised that the health complications associated with type 2 diabetes often occur before the medical diagnosis of diabetes. In the future, the medical definition of diabetes (ADA) should be amended to accommodate this fact.
Diagnosis
Prediabetes can be diagnosed in a number of ways. It should be confirmed by testing on separate days. Diagnosis of IFG is done after 8 hours fast, the plasma glucose level must be greater than 99 but less than the 126. In order to diagnose IGT, plasma glucose level must be greater than 139, but less than 200 two hours after OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test), which has a 75 g oral glucose load. Random glucose levels above 140 at any time may lead to the diagnosis of prediabetes.
The objectives of prevention is to delay onset of type 2 diabetes, preserving the beta cell function, and prevent or delay microvascular and cardiovascular complications. Obesity is a common factor, and exercise, weight loss, and drug therapy were also studied. It was found that lifestyle changes / interventions provide the greatest benefit in preventing progression to diabetes, 2nd type.
Progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus is not inevitable for people with prediabetes. Progression to DM from prediabetes (IFG and IGT) is approximately 25% over three to five years.
